Description
REDD1 (Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1) is also called DNA Damage-inducible Transcript 4 Protein, HIF-1 Responsive Protein RTP801 and Dexamethasone-induced gene 2.
REDD1 is rapidly induced by a wide variety of stress conditions; arsenic, hypoxia, dexamethasone, thapsigargin, tunicamycin and heat shock and DNA damages; ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, DNA alkylation. REDD1 is broadly expressed in most adult tissues, with lowest levels in brain, skeletal muscle and intestine and is upregulated in substantia nigra neurons from Parkinson disease patients as well as in alveolar septa of lungs of individuals with advanced emphysema compared with normal lungs.
REDD1 regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival via inhibition of the activity of mTORC by stabilizing the TSC1-TSC2 inhibitory complex and enhances oxidative stress-dependent cell death.
REDD1 inhibits neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth mediated by NGF via its effect on mTORC1 activity